Risk Factors and Prevention of Onychocryptosis in Adult Population. Review of the Literature
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Abstract
Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is a common and painful condition which affects young people. Controversy still exists regarding its etiopathogenesis and treatment options, which include conservative and surgical techniques. In this article, we will briefly discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and different prevention options for ingrown toenail. A documentary study was developed based on the format described in the PRISMA system. The databases Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, OVID and EBSCO were used for research, using the keywords: onychocryptosis, prevention, etiopathogenesis (in English and Spanish). In this analysis, we have exposed the classic risk factors and those less frequently found in the literature.The importance of this is because by identifying and understanding the risk factors associated with onychocryptosis, it is possible to adopt preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of developing this condition. We have pointed out some important factors to consider, the presence of which may increase the risk of suffering from onychocryptosis, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, previous nail surgery, matrixectomy, hallux interphalangeal angle, onychogryphosis, subungual hyperkeratosis and nail consistency. Simple non-surgical palliative measures include correction of improper footwear, treatment of hyperhidrosis and onychomycosis, soaking of the affectedtoe followed by application of a medium to high potency topical steroid, and placement of cotton tufts or dental floss under the lateral edge of the ingrown nail.
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